Is Oneness Theology Heretical?: Difference between revisions
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The '''Oneness''' doctrine is a non-[[Trinity|Trinitarian]] view of the [[The Godhead]] that was rejected by the church in the third century AD. It is the fundamental belief of a small minority of Pentecostal denominations and most churches that follow William Branham | The '''Oneness''' doctrine is a non-[[Trinity|Trinitarian]] view of the [[The Godhead]] that was rejected by the church in the third century AD. It is the fundamental belief of a small minority of Pentecostal denominations and most churches that follow William Branham. Prior to the 20th century, the Christian church referred to the Oneness doctrine as Sabellianism, Patripassianism, Modalism or modalistic monarchianism. | ||
=Was the early church Oneness in its theology?= | =Was the early church Oneness in its theology?= | ||
The early church did not espouse either a Trinitarian or Oneness doctrinal stance because it was not necessary. The early church had the truth taught by the apostles. However, error started to creep into the church, and this error was eventually formulated as false doctrine. The church rejected the false doctrine and, in response, had to formulate proper doctrine (the word "orthodoxy" means "of the right opinion"). | |||
False teaching on the Godhead originated with Sabellius and Arius. Sabellius taught modalism (Oneness), while Arius taught that Jesus was a created being and not God (similar to the current view of the JWs. The church rejected both of these views and in response formulated the doctrine of the Trinity. The doctrine of the Trinity is a defensive doctrine required to defend against the teaching of Sabellianism, Arianism and other false views on the Godhead. | |||
= Unitarianism versus Oneness = | = Unitarianism versus Oneness = | ||
Latest revision as of 20:01, 26 December 2023
The Oneness doctrine is a non-Trinitarian view of the The Godhead that was rejected by the church in the third century AD. It is the fundamental belief of a small minority of Pentecostal denominations and most churches that follow William Branham. Prior to the 20th century, the Christian church referred to the Oneness doctrine as Sabellianism, Patripassianism, Modalism or modalistic monarchianism.
Was the early church Oneness in its theology?
The early church did not espouse either a Trinitarian or Oneness doctrinal stance because it was not necessary. The early church had the truth taught by the apostles. However, error started to creep into the church, and this error was eventually formulated as false doctrine. The church rejected the false doctrine and, in response, had to formulate proper doctrine (the word "orthodoxy" means "of the right opinion").
False teaching on the Godhead originated with Sabellius and Arius. Sabellius taught modalism (Oneness), while Arius taught that Jesus was a created being and not God (similar to the current view of the JWs. The church rejected both of these views and in response formulated the doctrine of the Trinity. The doctrine of the Trinity is a defensive doctrine required to defend against the teaching of Sabellianism, Arianism and other false views on the Godhead.
Unitarianism versus Oneness
There are many who confuse the terms unitarian and Oneness. This is because both essentially believe that God can only exist as a single "unit," or monad. He cannot be divided into separate parts, or a plurality of "persons" and still exist as a whole deity. Although unitarians and Oneness are similar in the belief that there is not a plurality of persons in the Godhead, unitarians believe that Jesus was only a moral authority whereas the deity and humanity of Jesus Christ is essential to Oneness doctrine.
In Oneness theology there is an existential distinction, where God in the incarnation comes to exist in Christ in complete human existence and continues to exist as God eternally as Spirit ("Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us" - Matthew 1:23).
Monarchianism
Monarchianism refers to a movement in the second and third centuries that attempted to safeguard monotheism and the unity (mono-archē = “one source”) of the Godhead. Monarchianism denied any kind of difference in reality of the Son and the Spirit as separate from the Father. The first form of monarchianism was referred to as "patripassianism", which derived from the Greek words patēr (father) and paschō (to suffer). The term refers to an early type of modalism that suggested that the one God (the Father) became incarnate in the form of the Son, was born of a virgin and suffered and died on the cross.
From this, two distinct forms of monarchianism developed:
- 1. Adoptionist, or dynamic monarchianism, which understood Jesus as merely a prophet filled with the Spirit and thus “adopted” by God; and
- 2. Modalism (modalistic monarchianism or Sabellianism), which viewed Jesus as one of the modes through which the one God reveals himself to us.[1]
Oneness/Modalist Theology
The majority of message churches would be considered modalist or oneness in their view of the Godhead.
They believe in the one God, and the complete and full deity of Jesus Christ. Oneness Pentecostals reject the doctrine of the Trinity. Oneness Pentecostals maintain that the Judeo-Christian God is not three separate and distinct Persons, but is exclusively one God without any internal distinctions of persons, a belief based in part on a biblical passage found in Deuteronomy 6:4, "Hear oh Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord."
According to Oneness Pentecostals, God is not a plurality of persons, but does have a plurality of manifestations, roles, titles, attributes, or relationships to man. Oneness statements of faith generally refer to God as "Father in creation, Son in redemption, and Holy Spirit in emanation/regeneration" or that God exists in three "manifestations" throughout history. Oneness Christians maintain that there is no fundamental "threeness" to God, and consider it an injustice to speak of God as a "person".
Oneness Pentecostals are often referred to as "Jesus Only." The label arose early on in reference to their insistence on baptizing only in the name of Jesus, but it tends to be used only by the movement's critics today, and is generally disliked by Oneness Pentecostals. "Oneness", "Apostolic" and "Jesus' Name" are adherents' preferred self-designations.[2]
Concerns with the Oneness doctrine
Sabellius was the original proponent of modalism.
Calvin saw Sabellius as having a false belief because he:
- counted the names of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as almost of no importance, arguing that it was not because of any distinction that they were put forward, but that they were diverse attributes of God, of which sort there are very many. If it came to a debate, he was accustomed to confess that he recognized the Father as God, the Son as God, and the Spirit as God; but afterward a way out was found, contending that he had said nothing else than if he had spoken of God as strong, and just, and wise. And so he re-echoed another old song, that the Father is the Son, and the Holy Spirit the Father, without rank, without distinction. [3]
Wording that modalist (and message) believers never use
It is interesting to note that the people that ascribe to the modalist view of the Godhead never use wording like the following when they are talking about God:
- But he, full of the Holy Spirit, gazed into heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God.[4]
- God is faithful, by whom you were called into the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.[5]
- The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.[6]
- Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places...[7]
- I do not cease to give thanks for you, remembering you in my prayers, that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of him...[8]
- Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.[9]
- We always thank God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you...[10]
- And whatever you do, in word or deed, do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him.[11]
- To the church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ...[12]
- To the church of the Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.[13]
- Now may our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God our Father, who loved us and gave us eternal comfort and good hope through grace, comfort your hearts and establish them in every good work and word.[14]
- Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.[15]
- Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.[16]
- Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.[17]
- Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.[18]
- Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! According to his great mercy...[19]
- ...that which we have seen and heard we proclaim also to you, so that you too may have fellowship with us; and indeed our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son Jesus Christ.[20]
- This is the antichrist, he who denies the Father and the Son.[21]
- ...according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ and for sprinkling with his blood...[22]
- Grace, mercy, and peace will be with us, from God the Father and from Jesus Christ the Father’s Son, in truth and love.[23]
- To those who are called, beloved in God the Father and kept for Jesus Christ...[24]
Why is it that they never refer to God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ? Could it be that their understanding of the Godhead is incorrect? Could it be an antichrist spirit that denies the Father and the Son?
An important question to consider
In Ephesians 1:17, Paul refers to "the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory."[25]
If Jesus and the Father are one and the same, who is the God of Jesus that Paul is referring to?
Denominations that follow Oneness Theology
Besides the majority of message believers, there are many Oneness Pentecostal organizations, although their numbers are not significant. Here are a few of the larger ones:
- Pentecostal Assemblies of the World
- United Pentecostal Church
- Apostolic Assembly of the Faith in Christ Jesus
- Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ
International Denominations
Oneness Pentecostal groups with headquarters in other countries include the United Pentecostal Church of Colombia, an indigenous church and the largest non-Catholic church in the country; the United Pentecostal Church of Australia; the Apostolic Church of the Faith in Christ Jesus, with headquarters in Mexico; the Oneness Pentecostal movement in the former U.S.S.R.; and the True Jesus Church], an indigenous church founded by Chinese Christians on the mainland but whose headquarters is now in Taiwan. At times they have affirmed to be the only true church. There are many smaller organizations (approximately 130 worldwide), independent churches, and charismatic fellowships that are Oneness in doctrine.
In existence is also the Apostolic World Christian Fellowship which has been trying to unite all Oneness Pentecostal denominations in existence through a loose fellowship. There are some Oneness denominations that have refused to join -- for example the United Pentecostal Church.[26]
External links
- Oneness Pentecostal theology, also known as Jesus Only theology What is Oneness Pentecostal Theology?
- A Definitive Look at Oneness Theology Defending the Tri-Unity of God
Footnotes
- ↑ Stanley Grenz, David Guretzki and Cherith Fee Nordling, Pocket Dictionary of Theological Terms, 80 (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1999).
- ↑ Dr. David K. Bernard, Unmasking Prejudice, Cyberjournal for Pentecostal-Charismatic Research
- ↑ John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Volumes 1 & 2, ed. John T. McNeill, trans. Ford Lewis Battles, The Library of Christian Classics, 125 (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2011).
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Ac 7:55.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 1 Co 1:9.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 2 Co 13:14.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Eph 1:3.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Eph 1:16–17.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Php 1:2.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Col 1:3.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Col 3:17.
- ↑ Grace to you and peace. The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 1 Th 1:1.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 2 Th 1:1–2.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 2 Th 2:16–17.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 1 Ti 1:2.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 2 Ti 1:2.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Tt 1:4.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Phm 3.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 1 Pe 1:3.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 1 Jn 1:3.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 1 Jn 2:22.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 1 Pe 1:2.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 2 Jn 3.
- ↑ Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), Jud 1.
- ↑ The Holy Bible: King James Version, Electronic Edition of the 1900 Authorized Version. (Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 2009), Eph 1:17.
- ↑ "The Pentecostals", by Walter J. Hollenweger, Professor of Mission at the University of Birmingham
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