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'''Sardis''' (Greek: "red ones") is the fifth city mentioned in the Book of Revelation to receive a message from Jesus Christ. Sardis rose to power because of its location on an important highway from the Aegean Sea, its command over the fertile plain of Hermus, and its military strength. Sardis was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, the seat of a proconsul under the Roman Empire, and the metropolis of the province Lydia in later Roman and Byzantine times. | |||
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Sardis was located 2.5 miles south of the Hermes river in the middle of the Hermus valley, at the foot of Mt. Tmolus, a steep and lofty spur. At top of Mt. Tmolus was an acropolis, which was surrounded by a triple wall and thought impregnable by the Lydian kings. Under Lydian rule, Sardis was important as an industrial city, manufacturing and dying wool and carpets. The stream Pactolus which flowed through the market-place "carried golden sands" in early antiquity (gold dust out of Mt. Tmolus) and Sardis became a city of commerce, being one of the first cities to use money. | Sardis was located 2.5 miles south of the Hermes river in the middle of the Hermus valley, at the foot of Mt. Tmolus, a steep and lofty spur. At top of Mt. Tmolus was an acropolis, which was surrounded by a triple wall and thought impregnable by the Lydian kings. Under Lydian rule, Sardis was important as an industrial city, manufacturing and dying wool and carpets. The stream Pactolus which flowed through the market-place "carried golden sands" in early antiquity (gold dust out of Mt. Tmolus) and Sardis became a city of commerce, being one of the first cities to use money. | ||
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Sardis slowly languished as the provinces of Magnesia ad Sipylum and Philadelphia came to power between the 10th to 14th centuries, although it remained in the Byzantine domain. The country round Sardis was frequently ravaged both by Christians and by Turks during the 13th century. Soon after 1301 AD, the Seljuk Turks overran the whole of the Hermus and Cayster valleys, and the fort on the citadel of Sardis was handed over by treaty in 1306 AD. The city continued its decline until its capture (and probable destruction) by the Mongol warlord Timur in 1402 AD. | Sardis slowly languished as the provinces of Magnesia ad Sipylum and Philadelphia came to power between the 10th to 14th centuries, although it remained in the Byzantine domain. The country round Sardis was frequently ravaged both by Christians and by Turks during the 13th century. Soon after 1301 AD, the Seljuk Turks overran the whole of the Hermus and Cayster valleys, and the fort on the citadel of Sardis was handed over by treaty in 1306 AD. The city continued its decline until its capture (and probable destruction) by the Mongol warlord Timur in 1402 AD. | ||
==Religion in Sardis== | ==Religion in Sardis== | ||
The godess of Sardis was Cybele, whose identity was later merged with Artemis. The Temple to Artemis was one of the most imposing structures in Sardis, and its size tells of the importance of Cybele/Artemis to the people of Sardis. | The godess of Sardis was Cybele, whose identity was later merged with Artemis. The Temple to Artemis was one of the most imposing structures in Sardis, and its size tells of the importance of Cybele/Artemis to the people of Sardis. | ||
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*{{Wikipedia Reference}} | *{{Wikipedia Reference}} | ||
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