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{{Church History}}
Listed below are a summary of a few of the lesser known non-Catholic groups.  Some of these may be considered heretics, while some are Christians who were simply labeled as heretics by their persecutors.  Many of these groups arose because of the debauchery in the Catholic Church, so while Christians who pride themselves on their orthodoxy may feel justified in pointing to these groups as heretics, it likely was hypocrisy in the established Church that sparked the creation of these groups over the years.   
Listed below are a summary of a few of the lesser known non-Catholic groups.  Some of these may be considered heretics, while some are Christians who were simply labeled as heretics by their persecutors.  Many of these groups arose because of the debauchery in the Catholic Church, so while Christians who pride themselves on their orthodoxy may feel justified in pointing to these groups as heretics, it likely was hypocrisy in the established Church that sparked the creation of these groups over the years.   
{|style="background-color:#F0DCC8; border:1px #E8B399 solid; text-align:center;"
|"Goa is sadly famous for its inquisition, which is contrary to humanity as much as to commerce. The Portuguese monks deluded us into believing that the Indian populace was worshipping the Devil, while it is they who served him." <ref>Voltaire, Lettres sur l'origine des sciences et sur celle des peuples de l'Asie (first published Paris, 1777), letter of 15 December 1775 </ref>
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===Ecumenical Councils and Schisms===
===Ecumenical Councils and Schisms===
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====The Coptic and Syrian Church, 451 A.D.====
====The Coptic and Syrian Church, 451 A.D.====
The Church in Egypt split into two groups following the Council of Chalcedon, over a dispute about the relation between the divine and human natures of Jesus. Those who disagreed with this council are known today as the Coptic Orthodox Church.  There was a similar split in Syria resulting in the Syriac Orthodox Church.
The Church in Egypt split into two groups following the Council of Chalcedon, over a dispute about the relation between the divine and human natures of Jesus. Those who disagreed with this council are known today as the Coptic Orthodox Church.  There was a similar split in Syria resulting in the Syriac Orthodox Church.
{|style="background-color:#F0DCC8; width:100%; border:1px #E8B399 solid; text-align:center;"
|In 451 AD, 630 Bishops declared at the council of Chalcedon that <br>''"What Leo believes we all believe, anathema to him who believes anything else. Peter has spoken through the mouth of Leo."''
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====Eastern Orthodox Church, 1000 A.D.+====
====Eastern Orthodox Church, 1000 A.D.+====
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Much of our existing knowledge of the Cathars is derived from their opponents, the writings of the Cathars having been destroyed because of the doctrinal threat they posed to Christian theology. They raised a continued protest against the claimed moral, spiritual and political corruption of the Catholic Church. They claimed their own Apostolic Connection to the early founders of Christianity and saw Rome as having betrayed and corrupted the original purity of the message.
Much of our existing knowledge of the Cathars is derived from their opponents, the writings of the Cathars having been destroyed because of the doctrinal threat they posed to Christian theology. They raised a continued protest against the claimed moral, spiritual and political corruption of the Catholic Church. They claimed their own Apostolic Connection to the early founders of Christianity and saw Rome as having betrayed and corrupted the original purity of the message.


The persecution of the Cathars began in earnest when the crusader army, under the command of the papal legate Arnaud-Amaury, Abbot of Cîteaux attacked the town of Béziers on 22 July 1209. When the Crusaders asked Arnaud, how to tell Cathar from Roman Catholic., his famous reply, recalled by a fellow Cistercian, was "Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius." — “Kill them all, the Lord will recognise His own”.  Prisoners were blinded, dragged behind horses, and used for target practice. What remained of the city was razed by fire. Arnaud, the abbot-commander, wrote to Pope Innocent III: "Today your Holiness, twenty thousand heretics were put to the sword, regardless of rank, age, or sex".[3]
The persecution of the Cathars began in earnest when the crusader army, under the command of the papal legate Arnaud-Amaury. The last known Cathar perfect in Languedoc, Guillaume Bélibaste, was executed in 1321. After the suppression of Catharism, the descendants of Cathars were, in some southern French towns, required to live apart from the main town and its defenses. They thus retained a certain Cathar identity, although they became Catholic in religion.
 
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The Crusaders asked papal legate Arnaud-Amaury, Abbot of Cîteaux, how to tell Cathar from Roman Catholic. He replied:


The last known Cathar perfect in Languedoc, Guillaume Bélibaste, was executed in 1321. After the suppression of Catharism, the descendants of Cathars were, in some southern French towns, required to live apart from the main town and its defenses. They thus retained a certain Cathar identity, although they became Catholic in religion.
''"Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius." — “Kill them all, the Lord will recognise His own”.'' 
 
Prisoners were blinded, dragged behind horses, and used for target practice. What remained of the city was razed by fire. Arnaud wrote to Pope Innocent III and said, ''"Today your Holiness, twenty thousand heretics were put to the sword, regardless of rank, age, or sex".''
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===The Poor Men of Lyons (1173 A.D. +)===
===The Poor Men of Lyons (1173 A.D. +)===
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:''The adopting of the Holy Scriptures as their only system of faith, has led them to the study of shaping their belief by the language of the sacred oracles. A doctrine, which cannot be expressed in the language of inspiration, they do not hold themselves obligated to believe. Hence, with very few exceptions, they are not Trinitarians, averring that they can neither find the word nor the doctrine in the Bible. They believe "Lord our Jehovah is one Lord," and purely one. That "Jesus Christ is the only begotten Son of God." That the Holy Ghost is that divine unction with which our Saviour was anointed.''  
:''The adopting of the Holy Scriptures as their only system of faith, has led them to the study of shaping their belief by the language of the sacred oracles. A doctrine, which cannot be expressed in the language of inspiration, they do not hold themselves obligated to believe. Hence, with very few exceptions, they are not Trinitarians, averring that they can neither find the word nor the doctrine in the Bible. They believe "Lord our Jehovah is one Lord," and purely one. That "Jesus Christ is the only begotten Son of God." That the Holy Ghost is that divine unction with which our Saviour was anointed.''  
::'''Rev. David Millard, History of all the religious denominations in the United States, 1848.'''
::'''Rev. David Millard, History of all the religious denominations in the United States, 1848.'''


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[[Category:The Seven Church Ages]]
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