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1) Joseph Dunninger<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Dunninger#cite_note-6</ref> (April 28, 1892 – March 9, 1975), known as "The Amazing Dunninger", was one of the most famous and proficient mentalists of all time. At the age of seventeen, he was invited to perform at the home of Theodore Roosevelt in Oyster Bay and at the home of the inventor Thomas Edison, both of whom were avid admirers of Dunninger. President Franklin D. Roosevelt invited Dunninger to the White House on a number of occasions to demonstrate his mentalist skills.<ref>Samuel, Lawrence R. (2011). Supernatural America: A Cultural History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 48-51. ISBN 978-0-313-39899-5</ref> Through Scientific American magazine and his own organization the Universal Council for Psychic Research he also made an offer to any medium who could produce by psychic or supernatural means any physical phenomena that he could not duplicate or explain by natural means. No medium ever won the reward.<ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kkwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=vlQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> | 1) Joseph Dunninger<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Dunninger#cite_note-6</ref> (April 28, 1892 – March 9, 1975), known as "The Amazing Dunninger", was one of the most famous and proficient mentalists of all time. At the age of seventeen, he was invited to perform at the home of Theodore Roosevelt in Oyster Bay and at the home of the inventor Thomas Edison, both of whom were avid admirers of Dunninger. President Franklin D. Roosevelt invited Dunninger to the White House on a number of occasions to demonstrate his mentalist skills.<ref>Samuel, Lawrence R. (2011). Supernatural America: A Cultural History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 48-51. ISBN 978-0-313-39899-5</ref> Through Scientific American magazine and his own organization the Universal Council for Psychic Research he also made an offer to any medium who could produce by psychic or supernatural means any physical phenomena that he could not duplicate or explain by natural means. No medium ever won the reward.<ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kkwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=vlQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> | ||
2) James Randi<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi</ref> Born August 7, 1928, and is the founder of the Randi Educational Foundation.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation</ref> This organization | 2) James Randi<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi</ref> Born August 7, 1928, and is the founder of the Randi Educational Foundation.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation</ref> This organization offered a large reward to anyone who could demonstrate a supernatural or paranormal ability. This offer started in 1964 when Randi began offering a prize of US$1000 and was later increased to US$1 million. Since its inception, more than 1000 people have applied to be tested. To date, no one has been able to demonstrate their claimed abilities under the testing conditions, all applicants either failing to demonstrate the claimed ability during the test or deviating from the foundation conditions for taking the test such that any apparent success was held invalid; the prize money remains unclaimed. | ||